Artificial Intelligence in Public Prosecution: Reflections and Guidelines for the Americas

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence in Public Prosecution: Reflections and Guidelines for the Americas examines the opportunities, risks, and institutional implications of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into public prosecution services across the Americas. The publication analyzes AI applications throughout the prosecutorial process, including institutional management, case administration, victim services, criminal investigations, legal research, litigation support, predictive analytics, and compliance monitoring. Drawing on comparative experiences, international regulatory frameworks, and emerging best practices, the study identifies the conditions under which AI can improve efficiency, enhance investigative capabilities, strengthen institutional governance, and expand access to justice while safeguarding due process, prosecutorial independence, and fundamental rights.

Building on this analysis, the report proposes a governance framework for the responsible adoption of AI in prosecution offices. It emphasizes risk-based implementation, meaningful human oversight, algorithmic transparency, accountability, impact assessments, data protection, and institutional capacity building as essential components of trustworthy AI governance. The publication also addresses the growing challenges posed by AI-enabled criminal activity, highlighting the need for prosecution services to develop technological capabilities capable of responding to increasingly sophisticated forms of crime. Ultimately, the report provides strategic guidance for policymakers, prosecutors, and justice institutions seeking to integrate AI into prosecutorial functions while preserving democratic values, the rule of law, and public confidence in criminal justice systems.